I then
inquired whether he thought the experiment worth making He
answered, that he did not, for that he should think it would
certainly not succeed
A few days after, I proposed the same question to Sir Humphry
Davy He at once said, “they will become water, of course;” and
on my inquiring whether he thought the experiment worth making,
he observed that it was a good experiment, but one which it was
hardly necessary to make, as it must succeed
These were off-hand answers, which it might perhaps be hardly
fair to have recorded, had they been of persons of less eminent
talent: and it adds to the curiosity of the circumstance to
mention, that I believe DrWollaston’s reason for supposing no
union would take place, arose from the nature of the electrical
relations of the two gases remaining unchanged, an objection
which did not weigh with the philosopher whose discoveries had
given birth to it
[The result of the experiment appeared, and still appears to me,
to be of the highest importance; and I will shortly state the
views with which it was connected The next great discovery in
chemistry to definite proportions, will be to find means of
forming all the simple unions of one atom with one, with two, or
with more of say other substance: and it occurred to me that the
gaseous bodies presented the fairest chance of success; and that
if wishing, for instance, to unite four atoms of one substance
with one of another, we could, by mechanical means, reduce the
mixed gases to the same specific gravity as the substance would
possess which resulted from their union, then either that such
union would actually take place, or the particles of the two
substances would be most favourably situated for the action of
caloric, electricity, or other causes, to produce the
combination It would indeed seem to follow, that if combination
should take place under such circumstances, then the most
probable proportion in which the atoms would unite, should be
that which furnished a fluid of the least specific gravity: but
until the experiments are made, it is by no means certain that
other combinations might not be produced
The singular minuteness of the particles of bodies submitted by
DrWollaston to chemical analysis, has excited the admiration of
all those who have had the good fortune to witness his
experiments; and the methods he employed deserve to be much more
widely known
It appears to me that a great mistake exists on the subject It
has been adduced as one of those facts which prove the
extraordinary acuteness of the bodily senses of the individual,
–a circumstance which, if it were true, would add but little to
his philosophical character; I am, however, inclined to view it
in a far different light, and to see in it one of the natural
results of the admirable precision of his knowledge
During the many opportunities I have enjoyed of seeing his minute
experiments, I remember but one instance in which I noticed any
remarkable difference in the acuteness of his bodily faculties,
either of his hearing, his sight, or of his sense of smell, from
those of other persons who possessed them in a good degreeSouth’s observatory, and the object was, the
dots on the declination circle of his equatorial; but, in this
instance, DrWollaston did not attempt to TEACH ME HOW TO SEE
THEM
He never showed me an almost microscopic wire, which was visible
to his, and invisible to my own eye: even in the beautiful
experiments he made relative to sounds inaudible to certain ears,
he never produced a tone which was unheard by mine, although
sensible to his ear; and I believe this will be found to have
been the case by most of those whose minds had been much
accustomed to experimental inquiries, and who possessed their
faculties unimpaired by illness or by age
It was a much more valuable property on which the success of such
inquiries depended It arose from the perfect attention which he
could command, and the minute precision with which he examined
every object A striking illustration of the fact that an object
is frequently not seen, FROM NOT KNOWING HOW TO SEE IT, rather
than from any defect in the organ of vision, occurred to me some
years since, when on a visit at Slough
Herschel on the dark lines seen in the solar spectrum by
Fraunhofer, he inquired whether I had seen them; and on my
replying in the negative, and expressing a great desire to see
them, he mentioned the extreme difficulty he had had, even with
Fraunhofer’s description in his hand and the long time which it
had cost him in detecting them My friend then added, “I will
prepare the apparatus, and put you in such a position that they
shall be visible, and yet you shall look for them and not find
them: after which, while you remain in the same position, I will
instruct you how to see them, and you shall see them, and not
merely wonder you did not see them before, but you shall find it
impossible to look at the spectrum without seeing them
On looking as I was directed, notwithstanding the previous
warning, I did not see them; and after some time I inquired how
they might be seen, when the prediction of MrHerschel was
completely fulfilled
It was this attention to minute phenomena which DrWollaston
applied with such powerful effect to chemistry In the ordinary
cases of precipitation the cloudiness is visible in a single drop
as well as in a gallon of a solution; and in those cases where
the cloudiness is so slight, as to require a mass of fluid to
render it visible, previous evaporation, quickly performed on
slips of window glass, rendered the solution more concentrated
The true value of this minute chemistry arises from its cheapness
and the extreme rapidity with which it can be accomplished: it
may, in hands like those of Wollaston, be used for discovery, but
not for measure I have thought it more necessary to place this
subject on what I consider its true grounds, for two reasons In
the first place, I feel that injustice has been done to a
distinguished philosopher in attributing to some of his bodily
senses that excellence which I think is proved to have depended
on the admirable training of his intellectual faculties And, in
the next place, if I have established the fact, whilst it affords
us better means of judging of such observations as lay claim to
an accuracy “MORE THAN HUMAN,” it also opens, to the patient
inquirer into truth, a path by which he may acquire powers that
he would otherwise have thought were only the gift of nature to a
favoured few
APPENDIX, No
In presenting to my readers the account of the meeting of men of
science at Berlin, in the autumn of 1828, I am happy to be able
to state, that its influence has been most beneficial, and that
the annual meeting to be held in 1831, will take place at Vienna,
the Emperor of Austria having expressed a wish that every
facility which his capital affords should be given to promote its
objects
It is gratifying to find that a country, which has hitherto been
considered adverse to the progress of knowledge, should become
convinced of its value; and it is sincerely to be hoped, that
every one of the numerous members of the Society will show, by
his conduct, that the paths of science are less likely than any
others to interfere with those of politics
ACCOUNT OF THE GREAT CONGRESS OF PHILOSOPHERS AT BERLIN, ON THE
18TH OF SEPTEMBER 1828 FROM THE EDINBURGH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE,
APRIL, 1829
The existence of a large society of cultivators of the natural
sciences meeting annually at some great capital, or some central
town of Europe, is a circumstance almost unknown to us, and
deserving of our attention, from the important advantages which
may arise from it
About eight years ago, DrOkens, of Munich, suggested a plan for
an annual meeting of all Germans who cultivated the sciences of
medicine and botany The first meeting, of about forty members,
took place at Leipsic, in 1822, and it was successively held at
Halle, Wurtzburg, Frankfort on the Maine, Dresden, Munich, shop and
Berlin